hubbell



April 9, 1929. H.- c. HUBBELL IGNITION APPARATUS Filed Nov. 26, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet IN VEN TOR.

BY 3 v *7/114' ATTORNEYS.

April 9, 1929. H. c. HUBBELL 1,703,095

' IGNITION APPARATUS Filed Nov. 26, 1927 s Sheets-Sheet 2 mm llmlmlllnu 2 ATTORNEYS.

April 1929. H. c. HUBBELL IGNITION APPARATUS Filed Nov. 26, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet IN VEN TOR. 1 4 a. W

' Y 1% A TTORNEYS.

circuits are provided.

such magneto is foundin U. S. Letters Pat Patented Apr. 9,1929. 2

UNITED stares HARRY efHUBBELL, on .wnsmsrniivemnnn, MASSACHUSETTS, Assmnoa To wIe'o PATNT OFFECEL.

ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF WEST SP RIN GFIELD,IMASSACH'USETTS, A CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

IGNITION arraaa wns.

, Application filed November 2c, 1927. seriaiiio. 235,97

This invention'relates to improvements in magnetos and, more particularly, is concerned with an improved arrangement of the members which provide the magnetic circuits therefor. 4 I

The invention is directed to 'magiietos of the type in whicha plurality of magnetic An example of one chine contributesto and helps the other unit in its work. 'W'hile theprcsent. invention s not limited to the above described plan of operation and may have other and more general applications, nevertheless it will be disclosed in connection with suchplan as'l now deem that to be the best and most efficient way of utilizing my invention.

The inventionhas for its ob ect the pro vision of an improved arrangement of members, which afi'ordtwo .magnetic circuits from a source. of magnetic flux together with" means 7 tor increa sing the reluctance of one circuit while thereluctance of the other being decreased, 'characterizedfby an improved shifting of the lines of forcefrom one magnetic circuit to t-heot-h'er and auna proved efiiciency in the utilization of the flux from said source. I V Y The invention, by a more effective and more completeutilization'ofthe flux from the source, enables material economies to be effected in the iron, copper and steel used in the magneto-or, viewing the inatter'in another light, a better spark can be obtained with the same amount of materials if these materials are utilized accordingflto my in vention than according to prionpractice.

.Uth'eromects and advantages v 11' appear from th'e'tollowing description and; will pointed outin the appended claims I embodying the invention;

armature.

purposes.

1 masses The invention will be disclosed with reference to' the accompanying drawings, in which 1- i Fig. 1 1s a front elevation of a magneto Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1

Fig. 3is a diagraininatical view illus- "ti'ativeof the electrical and magnetic circuits; v

Fig. 4: is a fragmentary sectional elevational view taken on the line 44 of Fig, 2; Fig. 5 is a bottom plan view, 4, V i

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary elevational view taken from the'left hand end 'of Fig. 1 and drawn to a larger scale; v

, Figs. and 8 are plan and't'ragment-ary elevational views, respectively, illustrative of a modification in the mounting of thearmature; and t i 1 Figs. 9 andJlO are plan and fragmentary elevational views, respectively, showing another modification in the mounting of the Reterring to these drawings; the magneto is of the type in which there are two magnetic circuits (indicated by the dot-dash lines 15 and '15 in Fig. 3) from a. source of flux, such as thepern anent magnets 16, and in which movable means such as the armature 17, controls these circiiit's in a manner such that when" the reluctance of one is at a minimum the reluctance of the other is at a maximum. By preference, the armature moves into and out ofphysicalcontact with the pole pieces of the magnetic membcrs, which provide the fixed parts of such c rcuits, although this'is not essentialfor all windings may, be utilizedse'parately. or conjointly, as desired. Preferably,j although not necessarily, these windings are connected and controlled after the manner disclosed in the above identified patent. That 18, the two windings aremade to cooperate so that the. electromotive force generated in one winding, when the magnetic circuit with which t is associated is broke n s merged with the el ctroinotive force generated in the other winding, when its magnetic circuit is establishedandvice versa.

The magnetic members, referred to, are made up of aseries of laminations 18 which are roughly U-shape,-the legs of the Suitable generating windings are provided foreach magnetic circuit, which source of flux, herein shown as consisting of two banks of permanent magnets 16, is shit ably connected at one polar extremity to yoke 22 at a point intermediate the ends of the latter. The other polar extremity of the source is connected to a pole piece 24. and the armature 17 connects this pole piece first to one and then to the other core 19. The magnets 16 are disposed between the cores 19 and in parallelrelation therewith. The laminations 18 are shown as being, flat, so that the cores and the source of flux all lie in a common vertical plane. This, however, is not necessarily essential although as a practical matter it preferable. The i1nportant characteristic of the arrangement is that the magnetic path from the source of flux to both coresis such that the flux does not have to travel crosswise of the laminations. Obviously, this result can be secured even if the laminations are not flat and even though the two cores and the source oi? ilux do not lie in the same plane.

The details of construction of the magneto are not especially important and for the most part they are purely illustrative. The la-minations 18 are suitably clamped to gether, as by rivets 25. They are also clamped, at points adjacent the lower end of each core, between two non-magnetic members 26 by means of screws 27 (see Figs. 5 and 6). The connected members 26 serve as a frame for the magneto and they are centrally recessed to receive the magnets 16 and permit the end faces thereof to contact with the pole piece 24. The latter has a central portion of approximately semi-circular shape in longitudinal section (Fig. at) and the armature 17 is correspondingly r'ccessed to engage therewith. This central part of the pole piece 24: forms a fulcrum tor the armature and permits it to turn through the limited are necessary to engage first with one end then the other core 19. The armature may also be formed shown at 28, so as to contact directly with certain of the magnets 16 at eachextremity of its movement. Such abutment of the armature with the magnets might also be utilized to prevent close contact of the armature with its cores, in case such contact is not desired, or to avoid the necessity for the use of magnetic material for the fulcrum 2% of the armature. The member 24 has side wings 29 which hold the armature against lateral displacement. Two U-shaped members 80 straddle the yoke 22,thc cross bar portions or these members preferably being seated in recesses in yolze 22 and the leg portions extending downwardly to and through the frame members 26 and side wings 29. These members 30 are preferably provided with flanges 31 to abut the upper :tace of members 26 and their lower ends are threaded to receive nuts 32. Thus, the pole piece 21- may be dra '21 into close contactwith the lower ends of magnets 16 and the upper ends of these magnets 'lorced into close contact with the yoke 22. The yolreis preteably recessed, as indicated in Fig. 1 to receive the last named ends of the magnets.

The 'ii'ivention is not particularly concerned with "the nechaoisni "For actuating th armature and any suitable niachauism may be used "for this purpose. its a matjer of fact, the mas neto w'-.. tunction the armature is moved by hand. There are, however, many examples in the prior art of armature driving, meclninisms, which will he found suitable the work, and the particular type chosen will depend upon the results desired and the comlitions encoimtered in the installation oil the magneto on the engine.

For the purposes of illustration, 1 have shown an a"'m:,1lir:e actuating mechanism which funct ns in ll 3 same general manner as that discl. r in U. S. Lotte; Patent No. 1,6l3,636, granted September 27, 1927, to Phelps Brown. The essential difference is that the mechanism is double acting and serves to operate the armature on the return as well as the forward stroke ot a push rod This p sh rod may be reciprocated in any suitable way "from the engine, as by an eccentric 3 L fixed to e. shat" 35 ot the can nine. The n'iagneto may be assumed to be fixedly supported with relation to the engine. The push rod 33 passes through a block 36, having trunnions 37., mounted to turn in plates between which the block is located. These pl ates are clamped again t opposite laces ot the :n-a'iature l? by bolts 39. Encompasring the push rod and disposed one on each side of block 36 are sleeves llland encon'ipa-"singr each s eeve is a drive ll. Nuts es, threaded on rod and thereby axially adjustable thereon,

Oi) are located o e on each side oi" block 36 in spaced relat "m lherewi'h. Each nut 2 serves as an abutment for one end oi the adjacent sleeve 40 and 41. A lock nut 43 is provided for each nut 4-2.

Considering; the part.) as shown in Fig. the eccentric 34-, as it turns, will draw push rod 33 to the right C :d the first action will be to compress the left handspring ll bctween its abutment 42 and bloclt 36. While this action occurs, the opposing drive spring:

,When, however, the sleeve is forced against block 36, there is; an inelastictransmission of force to the. armature, which force overpower's the magnetic hold on the armature and initiates movement thereof. Afterthe contact between the armature and the core is broken, even by a very small air gap, the magnetic attraction on the armature is so much diminished that the force of thestressed drive spring'is superior to it. Con sequently, the drive 7 spring expands and moves the armature until its other end contacts with the other core 19. Subsequently, as push rod 33 moves to the left, the other drive spring will be stressed" and brought into play to move the armature back into the illustrated position in a similar manner.

. case added 'to) the electroinotive force pro- 'die' out in the other. 7 V breaker points controls both coils 20,'thechanges otfinx'and the consequent generaduced in the other coil'by'the increase of flux in the magnetlc circuit therethrough. These two'coils 2O areconnected. by wires 46 to a pair of breaker points 47, and a condenser 48 is-bridged across these points in the usual The secondary coils are connected, as in -series by the wire 49, so that the elec .tromotive forces simultaneouslyproduced in each are added OI OlTJlIGI'WISG merged. The

terminals of the secondary windings are connected by wires 50 to a spark plug,-represented conventionally at 51. The primary winding is normally short circuited by the closed breaker points47 and thereby tends by its choking effect to resist change of flux in the magnetic circuits. At the proper time in the movement of the armature, these points 47 are separated, allowing flux to rapidly build up in one circuit and torapidly tion of electromotive forces in 'theesecondary coils, are caused to occur siniultaneouslyI Thus, one coil is. made to help the other and mutually contribute to the production o'l 'the. ignition spark. -The operation'is like that disclosed in PatentNo. 1,634,135, above mentioned, to which reference complete disclosure. q;

Any suitable mechanism maybe provided is madefor a more foractuating the breaker points 47 and that shown herein is purely illustrative.v As shown in Fig. 1, each breaker point is hired to a flat spring 52 which is fixed at one end and atthe other end carries a weight 53. The twofixed vends of the; springs 52 are secured by. bolts 54 'to a block55 of insulating material and this .block,1in turn, is secured jecting outwardly therefrom Since the one set of" by screws56to the frame member 26, above described. The breaker points are actuated by a pin 57 secured to armature 17 and'prosuch a position as to engage first one and then the other spring 52 as the armature is moved back and forth.- As the armature is'nioved away from the lower .end of the left hand core 19 and moved toward the lower end of the right hand core 19, the pin 57 will eventually engage the lower spring 52 and cause thepoints 47 to be separated. On the return movement of armature 17, the pin 57 will engage the upper spring 52 and again cause separation of the breaker points. As shown herein, pin 57 strikes one of the sprin 's 52 at the time when the armature 17 engages with one otthe cores 19. The blow. delivered to spring 52 sets the weight 53 in motion and kinetic ener causes the wei ht to continue a a: J 1 V in mot-ion for an interval and thereoy hold the points 47 open long enough to permit the changes or flux 1n the magnetic circuits without the hampering influence of a closed circuit choke winding. The points become engaged again before the armature is again ac- .tuated thereb 1 closin the choke windii'i 7 b (1') so as .t'oretard flux changesun'tilthe armature has moved asuiticient distance to cause amaterial change in the reluctance of the magnetic circuits.

While the particular arrangement of the arn'iature shown in Fig. .1 is important and advantageous, many other suitable arrangementswill readily occur to. those-skilled'in the. art and the inventioinin its broader aspects, is independent of the particular way in which the armature is, mounted or op-, erated. According to such broader aspects, the only important point is that some means, whether consisting of onearmature or other wise, is provided to connect the magnetic source first to one and then tothe other core. The armature need not necessarily engage the lower end'faces of the core, as shown in F 1, and can engage vthe side faces there ot',a s1showninconncction with the arinature 58 in Figs. 7 and 8 or as shown in con nection with the armature 59in FigsQS) and 10.. So also, the armature can slide instead of oscillate, iffdesired, and it may oscillate lit) in ahorizontal plane as well asin a vertical 7 plane. The variations shown-in Figs. 7 to 10 are intended as illustrative rather than as exclusive of the number of variations wh ch may be made in the manner o;t'.n1ou1'1't- The flanged i aceot thebushing bears on the. I

I pol epiec'e, andis helduthereto by a-stud 62,

which passes fthroughrthe bushing and threads into the pole piece. A push rod 63, pivotally connected to the armature, may be actuated by any suitable means to cause the necessary movement oi the armature. In this case, the armature is held in place by means other than magnetic attraction, as is the e; se in the term shown in Fig. 1.

In Figs. 9 and 10, a pole piece (S t, held to the magnets in the same general way, is fashioned with upstanding wings 65, forming a slideway oi channel-shaped cross section to receive a member G6 01' similar cross section, in which the armature 59 is fixed. The member 66 is inverted with relation to the member St, (35, and carries a stud 67 for connection toa push rod 68, by means of which the armature may be reeiprocated.

in operation, the armature is intermittcntly moved back and forth in the described, or any other suitable manner, so that a mag nctic circuit of low reluctance is provided from the source 16 through first one and then the other of the cores 19. lVhen the reluctance oi one circuit is at a minimum, the

reluctance of the other is at a 1naximum.-

The building up of flux in one circuit and the dying out of flux in the other circuit is resisted by the closed circuit choking winding, comprising the primary coils 20. These coils serve to retard change of flux until the armature has moved way trom the core, with which it theretoiore engaged, and toward the other core asutiicient distance. At such time, the breaker points 4L7 are separated, thus opening the prin'iary winding, where upon the rapid increase of flux in one circuit and the rapid decrease of flux in the other circuit result in the generation of an electromotive force in each coil 21. The electromotive force produced in one coil 21, by the building up of flux in the magnetic circuit ll10/l"l11'0tlgl1, is made to occur simultaneously with, and to be merged with, the etectroinotive force produced in the other coil 2i, by the dying out of flux in the magnetic circuit through the latter and vice versa, wherefore one unit oi the ignition apparatus is made to contribute to and as sis-t the other unit in its work.

l hile this is the preferred operation, because it represents the best way now known to me of utilizing my'invention, nevertheless it obvious that the invention may be otherwise practiced. Since the invention in brozuler aspects is directed primarily to the arrangement of the members which make up the magnetic circuits, it iollows that the particular form of the electrical provisions is not essential and may be varied as desired. For example, the coils 21 need not be made to cooperate and assist each other, although obviously that is the best and most etlicient way, and accordingly is disclosed and claimed herein as a preferred form.

So also, the armature, with reference to its construction, mounting and disposition relative to the fixed parts 01 the magnetic circuit, is not important, so far as the broader aspects of the invention are concorned, beyond. tarnishing a means for increasing the reluctance of one circuit and, at substantially the same time, decreasing the reluctance of the other circuit. Whileactual contact oi the armature alternately with the cores is preferred, because the highest ethciency is obtained thereby, nevertl'ieless actual contact can be dispensed with and the invention may still be p 'acticed in the same general manner.

An important feature of the invention is in the disposition of the two magnetic circuits with reference to the source. By having the cores on opposite sides ot the magnetic source, I have found that a materially improve-d spark can be obtained with the same amount of materials, i. e., copper, iron and steel, than can be obtained when these n'iaterials are utilized according to the best prior practice of which I am aware. It, fol.- lows that as good a. spark can be had with my arrangement with a more economical use of the materials. My arrangement is cha acterized by a better and more complete utilization of the tiux trom the magnets and by a more effective shitting ot' the tlux from one magnet circuit to the other. As one circuit is broken, the dying out of ilu:-; therein is materially assisted by the shunting effect due to the making of the other circuit. Another factor contributing to the etlective shifting of the flux from one mag etic circuit to the other is that the parts are so arranged as to avoid travel of the flux crosswise of the lan'iina-tions. There is always an easy path along the laminations from all of the magnets 16 to one circuit or the other and the harder path crosswise :trom one laniination to another is avoided. 'll'iis advantage follows from the disposition of the cores, one on one side and one on another side of the magnetic source but, as hereinbeiore pointed out, this does not nec Bsarily require that the two cores be opposite or in the same plane although, as a nractical mai- Zter, that is the simplest ant.

therefore preterable way.

The invention has been disclosed herein, in an embodiment at present prefiierrcd, for itlustrative purposes but the scope of the in vent-ion is defined by the appeiu'led claims rather than by the foregoing description.

that I claim is:

1. In an ignition apparatus, a. source oi magnetic flux, members ot nragi'ietic material cooperating with said source to ail'ord two magnetic circuits therefrom disposed on ditl'crent sides of said source, said members including a pole piece common to both circuits and means movable relatively to the remaining parts of said circuit and cooper llt) ating with said poie piece to ,increase the reluctance of one circuit and diminish'the reluctance of the other. i

2. ignition apparatus, comprising "a source of'magnetic iiuX, means a'l'iording two magnetic circuits therefrom, said me: is including a pole piece of one polarity conpnpn o i 1: 1e

the first namedpole piece disposedin SPY-366d relation tl'rerewith and on different sides of 1 said source, together with means for connecting first one and then the othcrof the last named pole pieces to the named pole piece. I v r r 3. in an ignition apparatus, a pair of cores, ayolze connecting one end of each, a magnet disposed between the cores and con nected at one end to said yoke ata point intermediate the ends-of the latter,-a pole piece connected to the other end of said mag.-

.net, and armature means movable relatively dier ends of said to said pole piece and ti cores for alternately increasing the flux. in

said cores and for. increasing the flux in one core and substantially at the same tune diminishing the flux in the other core.

1. In an ignitionv apparatus, a pair of cores,;ayoke connecting one end of each, a magnet disposed between the cores and connected at one end to'said yoke at point intermediate the ends of the latter, a pole piece connected to the other end of said magnet, and armature means for alter-rudely connecting said cores at their other ends to said pole piece.

5. In an ignition apparatus, a pair of cores, a yoke connecting one end of each,

magnet disposed between tho cores and connected at one end to said yoke at a point intermediate the ends of the latter, a pole piece connected to the other end of said" magnet, and an armature pivoted intermediate its ends and adaptedto alternat ly connect said cores at their other ends to said pole piece.

6. in 'an cores, a yoke connecting one end of each, a magnet disposed between the cores and connected at one cnd-tosaid'yoke at a point intermediate the ends of the latter, apole p piece connected to the other end or said magnet, and an armature fulcrumed on said pole piece and adapted to alternately v connect said cores at their other ends to said pole piece. Y. T. In an ignition apparatus, a source or magnetic flux, members of magnetic material cooperating with said source to afford;

to magnetic circuits therefrom disposed on different sides of said source, said members including a pole piece common toboth circuits and means movable relatively to the remainin parts of said circuit and cooper-- ating with said pole piece to increase the i nition apparatus, a pair of source of reluctance of one circuit and diminsh the reluctance of the other, a generating wmdlng ZLSSOClZltGClWltll each magnetic c1rcu1t,.con-

trolling means to time the production of the electromotive forces m'sald windings one of magnetic flux, means affording two mag-' netic circuits therefrom, said means including a pole piece ofone polarity common to both saidjcircuits, two pole pieces of the same polarity but opposite in polarity to the "a named pole piece disposed in spaced re- .on therewith and on different sides of said source, together with means'for connecting first one and then the other of the last named pole pieces to the first named pole piece; a generating winding associated with each magnetic circuit, controlling means to time the productionof the electromotive forces in said windings one with the other so that the two intermittent electromotive forces produced in each winding during each movement of said connecting means occur simultaneously,and connections betweensaid windings whereby said electromotive forces are merged.

9. In an ignition apparatus, -a pair of cores, a yoke connecting one end of each, a magnet disposed between the cores and con nected at one end to said yoke at a point intermediate its ends, a pole piece connected to the other end. of said magnet, armature means for alternately connecting said cores at their otherends to said pole piece, whereby two magnetic circuits are provided from said source one of which circuits is completed when the other is broken, a generating winding associated with each circuit; controlling means tOtlHlG the production of the electromotive forces in said windings one with the other so that the two intermittent clecromotive forces produced in each wind-e ing during each movement of said armature means occur simultaneously, and connections betweensaid windings whereby said electromotive forces are' merged.

"10. Ignition apparatus, comprising, a magnetic flux, a pole piece connected to one polar extremity'thereof, two magnetic members each connected to the other polar extremity of said source and terminating with polar faces, an armature fulcrumed at a point intermediate its ends and adapted to connect said pole piece alternately to said polar faces; said armature, members and pole pieces affording two magnetic circuits from said source one of which is broken by the armature when the other is completed thereby; a generating winding 6 License associated with each circuit, controlling means to time the production of the electromotive forces in said windings one with the other so that the two intermittent electromotive forces produced in each winding during each movement of said armature occur simultaneously, and connections between said windings whereby said electromotive forces are merged.

l1. Ignition apparatus, comprising, a source of magnetic flux, a pole piece connected to one polar extremity thereof, two magnetic members each connected to the other polar extremity of said source and terminating with polar faces disposed on opposite sides ofvsaid pole piece, an armature fulcrumed at a point intermediate its ends on said pole piece and adapted to contact first with one and then with the other of the polar faces to alternately connect them to said pole piece; said armature, members and pole pieces affording two magnetic circuits from said source one of which is broken by the armature when the other is completed thereby; a generating winding associated with each circuit, controlling means to time the production of the eiectromotive forces 'in said windings one with the other so that the two intermittent electromotive forces produced in each winding during each morement of said armature occur simultaneously,

and connections between said windings whereby said elect-romotive forces are merged.

12. In an ignition apparatus, a source of magnetic flux, means built up of laminations and connected to one polar extremity of said source, said means having two branches d'sposcd on differentsides of said source each terminating with a polar face, a pole piece connected to the other polar extremity of said source, and a single movable armature cooperating with said pole piece and with said polar faces to break the magnetic circuits from said source through said branches in alternation and to establish a magnetic circuit through one branch at substantially the time when the circuit through the other branch is broken, each circuit thus established affording a closed path from said source lengthwise of the la-ininations to shunt the flux from the other and thenbl'OliQii circuit to accelerate the dying out of flu therein.

in testimony whereof I have afiixcd my signature.

HARRY C. HUBBELL. 

